Historical source-based research. Compilation date and financial period are different dates.

Executive summary

Annual revenue of USD 29.553 billion and net income of USD 4.341 billion for the period ended 2025-12-31. This is a structured data brief from filed financial statements, not an independently audited investment opinion.

Business and industry context

SOUTHERN CO is an SEC-reporting issuer listed on NYSE under SO. Its SEC industry description is Electric Services. This profile organizes annual financial disclosures for research; sector labels are editorial groupings, not GICS classifications. Regulated networks and generation businesses have different exposure to tariffs, commodity costs and investment cycles.

Financial evidence

The selected fiscal period runs from 2025-01-01 to 2025-12-31. Revenue was USD 29.553 billion; operating income was USD 7.285 billion; diluted EPS was USD 3.92 per share. Prior-period revenue was USD 26.724 billion. The reported revenue change was 10.59%. Comparisons are not adjusted for acquisitions, disposals, foreign exchange or fiscal-week differences.

Profitability and cash generation

Net margin, calculated as net income divided by revenue, was 14.69%. Operating cash flow was USD 9.802 billion; capital expenditure was USD 12.737 billion. Free cash flow (operating cash flow less purchases of property, plant and equipment) was USD -2.935 billion. Missing standard tags are not interpreted as zero. These measures may not be directly comparable between business models.

Balance-sheet context

Total assets were USD 155.720 billion, total liabilities USD 116.853 billion and reported shareholder equity USD 36.016 billion at the period end. Total liabilities include operating obligations and are not a measure of interest-bearing debt.

Valuation context

Company profiles show eligible dated valuation ratios using the September 17, 2026 price snapshot and selected annual accounting denominators. Capitalization-based measures use estimates and are identified as such. These are not live, TTM or forward values. A historical-multiple series and EV/EBITDA are not available. Sector medians describe a selected sample; they do not establish fair value or expected returns.

Risks and uncertainties

Rate decisions, financing costs, weather, asset reliability and large construction projects. Standardized XBRL can omit custom-tag disclosures. Annual data cannot establish the direction of the latest quarter.

What to monitor

Capital expenditure, allowed returns, financing needs and operating cash flow. Read subsequent quarterly filings, footnotes and accounting-policy changes before interpreting these historical observations.

Methodology note

Source snapshots were collected on September 18, 2026. Values preserve reported currency and periods. This brief was compiled on September 26, 2026; the publication date is not a new source retrieval date.

Sources & dates

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